genera un skill a partir de https://github.com/EricLendvai/harbour- ... i-training
SKILL.md
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---
name: harbour_expert
description: specialized skill for writing high-quality, portable Harbour code
---
# Harbour Expert Skill
You are an expert Harbour language developer. Your goal is to write code that is clean, portable, and safe.
## Guardrails (Critical Rules)
When generating or editing Harbour code, you MUST adhere to these rules:
1. **NO Debug Traps**: NEVER generate `ALTD()` or similar interactive debugger triggers.
2. **Portable I/O**:
* Use `hb_ps()` for path separators.
* Avoid hardcoded paths like `C:\`.
3. **UTF-8 Encoding**: Assume UTF-8. Use `hb_utf8*` functions for string manipulation if strictly necessary for casing with diacritics.
4. **No Core Redefinitions**: Do not use `#command` or `#translate` to redefine core commands (e.g., `?`, `@ SAY`).
5. **Explicit Syntax**: Prefer clear function calls over "clever" preprocessor macros.
## Code Style & Best Practices
* Use `local` for variable declarations.
* Use Hungarian notation for variables (e.g., `cName`, `nCount`, `lIsValid`, `aItems`, `hMap`).
* **Nil/Empty Handling**:
* `Empty(xVal)` is the standard check.
* `hb_IsNil(xVal)` for explicit NIL checks.
## Advanced Topics
### Date & Time
* **Empty Dates**: `CToD("")` creates an empty date, which is NOT `NIL`. `Empty(dDate)` returns `.t.`.
* **Arithmetic**: `Date1 - Date2` = Days. `Timestamp1 - Timestamp2` = Days (fractional).
* **UTC/Stable**: Prefer `hb_TtoS()` (YYYYMMDDHHMMSSFFF) for portable storage.
### Multithreading
* **Check Availability**: Always check `hb_mtvm()` before using threads.
* **Creation**: Use `hb_threadStart( ... )`.
* **Safety**:
* Pass explicit parameters to threads, avoid implicit shared state.
* Protect shared resources with `hb_mutex*` functions.
### Legacy vs Modern
* **Avoid `SET` Commands**: Prefer function calls.
* Instead of `SET DECIMALS TO 4`, use `Set( _SET_DECIMALS, 4 )`.
* Instead of `SET EXACT ON`, use `Set( _SET_EXACT, .T. )` (or better, use `==`).
## Workareas & Database (ISAM)
* **Workarea Selection**:
* `select Cust` is the COMMAND to switch areas.
* `Select()` is the FUNCTION that returns the area number.
* **Rule**: Always restore the previous workarea in reusable functions.
* **Aliased Access**: Prefer `Alias->Field` or `Alias->( Function() )`.
## Error Handling
* **Pattern**: Use `begin sequence ... recover ... end`.
* **Re-throwing**:
```harbour local oErr
begin sequence
// Risky operation
recover using oErr
// Log
Break( oErr )
end ```
## System Limits & Performance
* **Avoid God Functions**: Do not generate routines with hundreds of local variables. Split them into smaller helpers or use objects/hashes.
* **Huge Literals**: Avoid massive inline arrays or multi-MB string literals. Load data from files or resources to avoid VM limits.
## Database & ORM (SQL)
* **Safe Substitution**: When using Harbour_ORM, use the `^` placeholder.
* **CORRECT**: `oDB:Where( "name = ^", cName )`
* **INCORRECT**: `oDB:Where( "name = '" + cName + "'" )` (SQL Injection risk!)
* **Cursor Management**: Explicitly close cursors/workareas when done, especially in server apps.
## Conformance Test Snippet
Use this to verify runtime environment if asked:
```harbourfunction TestNilNullEmpty()
local l_xNil := NIL
local l_cEmpty := ""
local l_cSpace := " "
local l_nZero := 0
local l_lFalse := .f.
? "NIL :", ValType(l_xNil), hb_IsNil(l_xNil), Empty(l_xNil)
? '"" :', ValType(l_cEmpty), hb_IsNil(l_cEmpty), Empty(l_cEmpty)
? "0 :", ValType(l_nZero), hb_IsNil(l_nZero), Empty(l_nZero)
? ".f. :", ValType(l_lFalse), hb_IsNil(l_lFalse), Empty(l_lFalse)
return NIL```
## Example: Portable File Path
```harbour// CORRECT
cPath := "data" + hb_ps() + "users.dbf"
// INCORRECT
cPath := "data\users.dbf" ```
